ناپنے کے یونٹ
| Unit | Shortened | Capacity |
|---|---|---|
| Bit | b | 1 or 0 (on or off) |
| Byte | B | 8 bits |
| Kilobyte | KB | 1024 bytes |
| Megabyte | MB | 1024 kilobytes |
| Gigabyte | GB | 1024 megabytes |
| Terabyte | TB | 1024 gigabytes |
| Petabyte | PB | 1024 terabytes |
| Exabyte | EB | 1024 petabytes |
| Zettabyte | ZB | 1024 exabytes |
| Yottabyte | YB | 1024 zettabytes |
Bits are the basic building blocks of not only data storage, but all computers. Computers work in binary digits, combining 0’s and 1’s in countless patterns. These binary digits are known as bits, and are the smallest possible unit for data storage.
When 8 bits are combined, you get a byte. Bytes are used to store a single character; whether’s it a letter, number, or punctuation. All memory storage is expressed in terms of bytes, so although bits might be the foundation upon which data storage is built, bytes are the building blocks that truly denote the usability of any one storage solution.
the world is creating over 2.5 quintillion bytes of data, with most of that data being created in the past few years
Byte[edit]
Historically, a byte was the number of bits used to encode a character of text in the computer, which depended on computer hardware architecture; but today it almost always means eight bits – that is, an octet. A byte can represent 256 (28) distinct values, such as non-negative integers from 0 to 255, or signed integers from −128 to 127. The IEEE 1541-2002 standard specifies "B" (upper case) as the symbol for byte (IEC 80000-13 uses "o" for octet in French,[nb 1] but also allows "B" in English, which is what is actually being used). Bytes, or multiples thereof, are almost always used to specify the sizes of computer files and the capacity of storage units. Most modern computers and peripheral devices are designed to manipulate data in whole bytes or groups of bytes, rather than individual bits.
Nibble[edit]
A group of four bits, or half a byte, is sometimes called a nibble, nybble or nyble. This unit is most often used in the context of hexadecimal number representations, since a nibble has the same amount of information as one hexadecimal digit.[7]
Crumb[edit]
A group of two bits or a quarter byte was called a crumb,[8] often used in early 8-bit computing (see Atari 2600, ZX Spectrum).[citation needed] It is now largely defunct.
Word, block, and page[edit]
Computers usually manipulate bits in groups of a fixed size, conventionally called words. The number of bits in a word is usually defined by the size of the registers in the computer's CPU, or by the number of data bits that are fetched from its main memory in a single operation. In the IA-32 architecture more commonly known as x86-32, a word is 16 bits, but other past and current architectures use words with 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 60, 64, 72[9] bits or others.
Some machine instructions and computer number formats use two words (a "double word" or "dword"), or four words (a "quad word" or "quad").
Computer memory caches usually operate on blocks of memory that consist of several consecutive words. These units are customarily called cache blocks, or, in CPU caches, cache lines.
Virtual memory systems partition the computer's main storage into even larger units, traditionally called pages.
A byte is the smallest unit of memory used in today's computing. Bytes consist of eight bits, and a byte is used to encode a single number, letter, or symbo
A terabyte, or TB, is the largest commonly available data storage unit. Few commercial-grade products will be sold that boast more than a few terabytes of storage at a maximum. A terabyte is equal to 1,000 gigabytes, and a tebibyte is equivalent to 1,024 gibibytes.
We measure
We measure sound intensity (also referred to as sound power or sound pressure) in units called decibels. Decibels (dB) are named in honor of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of both the telephone and the audiometer. An audiometer is a device that measures how well a person can hear certain sounds. A modern version of it is still used today to diagnose hearing loss.
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